埃德加德加英
Hilaire Ger径大与称烟防据叶稳基main Edgar Degas was a French painter and sculptor whose innovat360问答ive composi赶斗预货明火体长顺破被tion, skillful drawing, and perceptive analysis of movement made him one of the masters of modern art in the late 19th century.
Degas is usual植顶粉至道为视甲维ly classed with the impressionists, and he exhibited with them in seven of the 敌杀学木差批另唱拉eight impressionist exhibitions. However, his training in classical drafting and his dislike of painting directly from nat团四殖读额米既ure produced a style that represented a related alternative to impress总代专另力轮买米ionism.
Degas was born into a well-to-do banking family on July 19, 1834, in Paris. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts under a disc专损许阿当米套员类统iple of the famous French classicist J. A. D. Ingres, whe周执停轮破色话专权权特re Degas develo生演周显ped the great drawing ability that was to be a salient characteristic of his art. After 1865, under the influenc消河京e of the budding impressioni弱计体固贵st movement, he gave up academic subjects to turn to conte特引诗别新既如mporary themes. 定本但时But, unli批化历ke the impres铁修率依八话考结顾几青sionists, he pre负ferred to work in the studio and was uninterested in the study of natural light that fascinated them. He was attracted by theatrical subjects, and 上立阻衡吗也乱声素仅most of his wor露督规压求获ks depict racecourses, theaters, cafés, music halls, or boudoirs. Degas was a keen observer of humanity—particularly of women, with whom his work is preoccupied—and in his portraits as well as in his studies of dancers, milliners, and laundresses, he cultivated a complete objectivity, attempting to catch his subjects in poses as natural and spontaneous as those recorded in action photographs.
His study of Japanese prints led him to experiment with unusual visual angles and asymmetrical compositions. His subjects often appear cropped at the edges, as in Ballet Rehearsal (1876, Glasgow Art Galleries and Museum). In Woman with Chrysanthemums (1865, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City), the female subject of the picture is pushed into a corner of the canvas by the large central bouquet of flowers.
In the 1880s, when his eyesight began to fail, Degas began increasingly to work in two new media that did not require intense visual acuity: sculpture and pastel. In his sculpture, as in his paintings, he attempted to catch the action of the moment, and his ballet dancers and female nudes are depicted in poses that make no attempt to conceal their subjects' physical exertions. His pastels are usually simple compositions containing only a few figures. He was obliged to depend on vibrant colors and meaningful gestures rather than on precise lines and careful detailing, but, in spite of such limitations, these works are eloquent and expressive and have a simple grandeur unsurpassed by any of his other works.
Degas was not well known to the public, and his true artistic stature did not become evident until after his death. He died in Paris on September 27, 1917.
埃德加·德加的内容简介
这种静是暂时的，是动的暂停，马上就会转入下一个节奏。我们说德加的素描是生动的，人物是具有活的生命力的，一是因为德加把握人物动态的能力，他总是捕捉那些最生动的瞬问，仿佛一挥手、一提腿，舞女们便会旋转起来；二是德加娴熟地运用光影的艺术技巧，这种光影在画面上似乎扰局是在晃动着的，人物的动感与艺术形式达到了完美的结合，人物真正动了起来。在德加的画中，光线并不是自然光线的模拟，而是根据画面的需要而铺设没李盯的，有些是物体的受光面，有些是光线的反射，有些是物体固有色的亮色，即便是受光面，也不一定是从一个方向照射，而是根据物体表现的需要，散光式的照射。这些不同光源的光的使用，使画面充满着光斑的效果，再加上德加在加这些光斑时，光的边缘部分都是模糊不定的，没有明显的界线，这就使人物的外形具有了不确定性，有如人物在运动之中的效果，所以，我们看上去，其人物的动感就更加强烈了。
在印象派艺术大师中，对各种艺术媒介材料运用最广泛，技法掌握最全面的艺术家自然非德加莫属。他不但在素描、版画和布面油彩等绘画方面成就突出，在雕塑创作上也成绩斐然，留下许多令人兴奋的舞蹈演枯和员等作品。在德加丰富的艺术作品中，有关芭蕾舞演员和浴女的色粉画格外耀眼。舞蹈者或台下刻苦练功、或台下翩翩起舞；浴女们或宽衣沐浴、或浴后擦身梳头。德加从不同场景、角度如连续拍摄的照片式的反复表现同一主题，呈现出舞蹈演员不同场景的艺术形象和女性裸体沐浴过程中身体动作的不同变化。本书收录其完整的代表作300余幅，在国内首次展示其鲜为少见的绘画作品百余幅，其中更包括了国内从未发表的素描作品100余幅，以及油画作品的创作稿、草稿，是一本目前世界上评价德加的最具权威性、完整性、代表性的著作。
