托福听力经典加试：浪漫主义诗歌
literature 主要讲了18-19 世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism)诗歌的代表人Wardsworth的诗哗御。他是浪漫主义的鼻祖，但浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的，不是他们本身这样称呼自己的（此处出题）。Romanticism不是我们平时理解的romance，和男女之间的爱情无关。Romanticism针对的是common people而不是少数educated people，用的是simple language，描述的是日常生活中常见的事物，孩子，人类情感，以及自然和人类之间的互动。教授以自己为例，说自己在散步时感受到了这种互动（此处出题）与romanticism针锋相对的一种风格是neoclassicism新古典主义，也是那位romanticism的鼻祖很反对的。neoclassicism使用太多的elaboration，如sky不叫sky，而叫blue什么的；bird不叫bird，而叫feathered person。教授把该诗人的作品分为三个阶段。早期的浪漫主义作品，袭尺主要描述植物的(花与草)诗歌。 中期时是对一些社会现象的评论。乱禅岩后期时对早期的作品进行修改。目前文学界还是认为它早期的作品是的。（教授还说，他的诗越写到后来越糟糕，反而早期的比较好，本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗）。
wordsworth, as we have said, is the chief representative典型的 of some of the most important principles原则 in the romantic movement, but he is far more a member of any movement, through his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatest spiritual ideals he belongs among the five or six greatest English poets.
first, he is the profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. his feeling for nature has two aspects. he is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminating way than any of his predecessors, to all the external beauty and glory of nature, especially inanimate nature of mountains, woods and fields, streams and flowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. a wonderful joyous and intimate sympathy with them is one of his controlling impulses.
In the second place, wordswoth is the most consistent of all the great English poets of democracy, though here as elsewhere his interest is mainly not in the external but in the spiritual aspect of things.
the obstinacy and these poems are only the most conspicuous result of w's chief temperamental defect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. regarding himself as the prophet of a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted the possibility of error in his own point of view and was never able to stand aside from his poetry and criticize it dispassionately.
