洛可可的艺术
图片参考：/~/rococo_costume_s 在巴洛克乐期后，约在1720-1775年，曾经出现了十分特别而短暂的「洛可可」(Rococo) 风格，与其他的音乐风格同时流行。「洛可可」这个字出自法文的 "Rocaille"（雕石），指雕纹的石刻艺术品，但亦应用于音乐上。它发展于十八世纪前半期的法国，音乐特色是轻丛肆指快、刻意、装饰华丽 － 与巴洛克时期那夸张和庞大的性质成对比。这种风格先出现在法国的键盘音乐中，巴洛克晚期的作曲家如库普兰 (Couperin)、拉摩(Rameau)、泰里曼(Telemann)、多曼尼高．史卡拉第(Domenico Scarlatti) 都运用了这种手法。后来，这种风格传到德国，并形成了另一种新风格雹贺。 其实，由巴洛克晚期至古典乐期，音乐经历了不少的改变：以往旧有的曲式渐渐地被新渗配的段落式结构所取代；巴洛克时期最常用的对位法慢慢地被放弃；管弦乐团的乐器、编制、表达技巧、曲目等均有很大的发展。 图片参考：/~/piano_e 想知道多些有关洛可可风格，甚或由文艺复兴至十九世纪的的绘画、服饰等，可浏览以下网址： La Conturiere Parisreinne 图片参考：/~/coco..2 图片参考：/~/coco1 2006-10-30 13:54:20 补充： 下面那位，人家是要画，不是要文字！
The Rococo style of art emerged in France in the early 18th century as a continuation of the Baroque style. In contrast to the heavier themes and darker colors of the Baroque
the Rococo style was characterized by an opulence
grace
playfulness
and lightness. Rococo motifs focused on the carefree aristocratic life and on lighthearted romance rather than heroic battles or religious figures; they also revolve heavily around nature and exterior settings. In the mid-late 18th century
rococo was largely supplanted by the Neoclassic style. The word Rococo is apparently a bination of the French rocaille
or shell
and the Italian barocco
or Baroque style. Due to Rococo love of shell-like curves and focus on decorative arts
some critics used the term to derogatively imply that the style was frivolous or merely fashion; interestingly
when the term was first used in English in about 1836
it was a colloquiali *** meaning "old-fashioned". However
since the mid 19th century
the term has been accepted by art histori. While there is still some debate about the historical significance of the style to art in general
Rococo is now widely recognized as a major period in the development of European art. Rococo developed first in the decorative arts and interior design. Louis XV's succession brought a change in the court artists and general artistic fashion. By the end of the old king's reign
rich Baroque designs were giving way to lighter elements with more curves and natural patterns. These elements are evident in the architectural designs of Nicolas Pineau. During the Régence
court life moved away from Versailles and this artistic change became well established
first in the royal palace and then throughout French high society. The 1730s represented the height of Rococo development in France. The style had spread beyond architecture and furniture to painting and sculpture
exemplified by the works of Antoine Watteau and François Boucher. Rococo still maintained the Baroque taste for plex forms and intricate patterns. By this point
it had begun to integrate a variety of diverse characteristics
including a taste for Oriental designs and asymmetric positions. The Rococo style spread with French artists and engraved publications. It was readily received in the Catholic parts of Germany
Bohemia
and Austria
where it was merged with the lively German Baroque traditions. Particularly in the south
German Rococo was applied with enthusia *** to churches and palaces. Architects often draped their interiors in clouds of fluffy white stucco. In Italy
the late Baroque styles of Borromini and Guarini set the tone for Rococo in Turin
Venice
Naples and Sicily
while the arts in Tuscany and Rome remained more wedded to Baroque. The beginning of the end for Rococo came in the early 1760s as figures like Voltaire and Jacques-François Blondel began to voice their critici *** of the superficiality and degeneracy of the art. Blondel decried the "ridiculous jumble of shells
dragons
reeds
palm-trees and plants" in contemporary interiors[1]. By 1780
Rococo had passed out of fashion in France
replaced by the order and seriousness of Neoclassical artists like Jacques Louis David. It remained popular in the provinces and in Italy
until the second phase of neoclassici ***
"Empire style
" arrived with Napoleonic ernments and swept Rococo away. Though Rococo originated in the purely decorative arts
the style showed clearly in painting. These painters used delicate colors and curving forms
decorating their canvases with cherubs and myths of love. Portraiture was also popular among Rococo painters. en. *** /Rococo
