关于莫

先给你一些做参考

莫扎特:G大调长笛协奏曲第1号
莫扎特的G大调长笛协奏曲和他的大多数作品一样,是为特定的使用目的而写的,这次干脆就是为了挣钱,为了筹措从萨尔茨堡到巴黎的一次昂贵的长途职业旅行所整投溶语晶裂左数通急需的款项。1777者年10月底,莫扎特和母亲已远游至曼海姆,那里有著名的乐队和歌剧院。曼海姆的宫廷对这位二十一岁的天才并不太感兴趣。最后,一位业余长笛家德.让–一个在曼海姆的荷兰人--前来约请莫扎特创作一些简易的长笛协奏曲和长笛四重奏
长笛作为独奏乐器,莫扎特并不喜欢,所以尽管手头拮据,还是迟迟不写。荷兰人于1778年2月底离去时,订货还远没完工,莫扎特的收费只好减半。但是,尽管他不喜欢这一乐器,但一动笔来自就不可能无动于衷。荷兰人收到的一首G大调协奏曲远远超出了他原先期望的业余水平,并且成为此后二百年来长笛演奏家和听众的艺术享受

如果想写关于洛可可艺术的论文

第一乐360问答章:庄严的快板,G大调,4赶实课争/4拍子,奏鸣曲式
在宣算省急余棉区径染假长笛独奏前,我们听到乐队呈示几个主要主题,第一个是最重要的。显然,这就是莫扎特在选用”庄严”来说明速度时心目中的主题。整首协奏曲虽然轻盈优美,开始主题却有某种程度的洛可可的庄严宏伟。独奏长笛接下去演奏时,不满足于单纯按照惯例换个调来呼应那些乐队主题,而且按照典型的莫扎特的路子,呀意掌货够仅深期主穿过关系调e小调领域,用一个似怨似慕、似泣似诉的短句来丰富这一乐章。这一短句迄今犹为长笛专有的主题瑰宝。
呈示部一个跳跃的小小的终止音型结束,这个音型毫无显眼夺目之处,直到莫扎特的想象力扑了过去,把它改变成一长段展开部(01段03分40秒),五彩缤纷,富判做味座看行绚丽多姿。几个基本主题的再现由独奏与乐队共同演奏,直到华彩段,这时莫扎特听任独奏孔右针心严钱正划销制散者自由炫技。
第二乐章:不太慢的柔板,D大调群笔周孩据帝,4/4拍子,奏鸣曲式
如歌府族误聚领上的慢板乐章为全曲之站露阻冠,有浪漫派的惆怅之感,带有加弱音器的弦乐的夜曲色彩。一个肃穆的案表顾解答考爱空八度动机式音型引入主旋律,先由单簧管唱出,然后是长笛在呢喃的小提琴上独奏。
对比军陈照刚胡督执思够送的第二主题(02段03分35秒)是一个具有思慕之情的上行旋律,令人联想起触算鱼数协派格鲁克的巴黎歌剧《奥菲欧与尤丽狄茜》极乐世界一场中著名的长笛独奏。这一乐章充分发展了交响奏鸣曲式,结束前有一段自由的华彩。
第三乐章:回旋曲,小步舞曲速煤排讲息说立同度,G大调,3/4拍子,回旋曲
这个精美的洛可可风味的末乐章采用法国回旋曲式,基本主题第一次都出现在独奏乐器上,这一主题回复三次,每次都略事装饰。各插段都是以晶光璀璨的炫技开始,然后在音乐内容上越来越丰富,中间一个插段按法国习惯主要采用小调,最后一个插段结束在自由华彩上。接着,转入回旋曲基本主题的最后一次回复,最后几个小节似乎在温柔地抚爱。

莫扎特:D大调长笛协奏曲第2号K.314

这首可爱的乐训硫曲似乎特别适合长笛,中间乐章颇有诗意,第三乐章充满火花。然而,最近学者发现这首协奏曲原先是为双簧管写的。莫扎特创作此曲时二溶们持直却十一岁,是为意大利双簧管演奏家裘塞皮.费连迪写的,此人从1777年4月起为萨尔茨堡大主教服务。我们不知道莫扎特写完总谱的确切时间,但显然是在这一年秋天前往巴黎以前。
莫扎特把这首双簧管协奏曲带在身边。去巴黎途中最重要的一站是曼海姆,著名的曼海姆乐队是当年技艺最为精湛、影响深远的乐队。队员中有不少著名大师,其中有些还是有影响的作曲家。曼海姆乐队的首席双簧管弗里德里希.拉姆几度演出了莫扎特的协奏曲,屡获热烈喝彩。
莫扎特在曼海姆乐队队员中还有一位朋友–长笛家温德林。通过温德林,他从一个荷兰的业余长笛演奏家德.让那里得到了一笔报酬优厚的订货。他交出两部协奏曲和三首长笛四重奏,到手九十六个盾。两部协奏曲中,第一部K.313是新创作,第二部从他为费连迪写的双簧管协奏曲改编而成,原来是C大调,长笛吹奏时移至D大调。
作品分析

第一乐章:开朗的快板,D大调,4/4拍子,奏鸣曲式
第一个乐章在当时听起来一定特别别致,轮廓分明的小音型、烂漫的节奏、洋溢着古典主义风格的意大利席歌剧轻松活泼的气息。切分的正主题在开始几小节由乐队奏出,立即继以歌唱性较强的对比旋律,由第一小提琴奏出。独奏长笛的进入十分辉煌,是一个急剧上升的音阶和一个长久持续的高音,乐队在其下面再次宣布乐章的正主题。长笛继续吹奏辉煌的经过句,转入旋律优美的第二主题(04段01分33秒)。
在莫扎特的后期作品中变得如此重要的,中间的”展开段”,这里不过是连接乐章前后两半的一个灵巧的过渡。基本主题素材的再现十分正规,用一个华彩段和华丽的乐队全奏完美地收尾。
第二乐章:不太慢的行板,G大调,3/4拍子
慢乐章充分发挥了长笛的歌唱能力,特别是在乐队的副旋律上持续吹奏长音。莫扎特小心地使用他所熟悉的倚音,给这支歌增添了几分富有诗意的哀愁。
第三乐章:快板,D大调,2/4拍子,回旋曲式
末乐章是一首步态轻盈的回旋曲。它所根据的主题,莫扎特歌剧的爱好者一定会认出,是《后宫诱逃》中最明媚的灵感的源泉。那就是歌剧中勃隆德的热情洋溢的歌《何等幸福,何等快乐》。她在这首歌中盼望她所热恋的佩德里洛来救她出宫。这个选句由长笛的仙乐般的音色吹出后,立即由乐队接下去。
独奏长笛吹奏的第一个插段,好象是最初的选句的再现,但很快就用琶音和音阶向其他方面岔开去。乐队间断地加入,但在长笛尚未到达高潮性的华彩段之前,乐队早以成为它的快乐而听话的奴仆,乖乖地退居幕后,这主要是为了同迷人的独奏声部的感情相呼应而插入。

洛可可的艺术

图片参考:/~/rococo_costume_s 在巴洛克乐期后,约在1720-1775年,曾经出现了十分特别而短暂的「洛可可」(Rococo) 风格,与其他的音乐风格同时流行。「洛可可」这个字出自法文的 "Rocaille"(雕石),指雕纹的石刻艺术品,但亦应用于音乐上。它发展于十八世纪前半期的法国,音乐特色是轻丛肆指快、刻意、装饰华丽 - 与巴洛克时期那夸张和庞大的性质成对比。这种风格先出现在法国的键盘音乐中,巴洛克晚期的作曲家如库普兰 (Couperin)、拉摩(Rameau)、泰里曼(Telemann)、多曼尼高.史卡拉第(Domenico Scarlatti) 都运用了这种手法。后来,这种风格传到德国,并形成了另一种新风格雹贺。 其实,由巴洛克晚期至古典乐期,音乐经历了不少的改变:以往旧有的曲式渐渐地被新渗配的段落式结构所取代;巴洛克时期最常用的对位法慢慢地被放弃;管弦乐团的乐器、编制、表达技巧、曲目等均有很大的发展。 图片参考:/~/piano_e 想知道多些有关洛可可风格,甚或由文艺复兴至十九世纪的的绘画、服饰等,可浏览以下网址: La Conturiere Parisreinne 图片参考:/~/coco..2 图片参考:/~/coco1 2006-10-30 13:54:20 补充: 下面那位,人家是要画,不是要文字!
The Rococo style of art emerged in France in the early 18th century as a continuation of the Baroque style. In contrast to the heavier themes and darker colors of the Baroque
the Rococo style was characterized by an opulence
grace
playfulness
and lightness. Rococo motifs focused on the carefree aristocratic life and on lighthearted romance rather than heroic battles or religious figures; they also revolve heavily around nature and exterior settings. In the mid-late 18th century
rococo was largely supplanted by the Neoclassic style. The word Rococo is apparently a bination of the French rocaille
or shell
and the Italian barocco
or Baroque style. Due to Rococo love of shell-like curves and focus on decorative arts
some critics used the term to derogatively imply that the style was frivolous or merely fashion; interestingly
when the term was first used in English in about 1836
it was a colloquiali *** meaning "old-fashioned". However
since the mid 19th century
the term has been accepted by art histori. While there is still some debate about the historical significance of the style to art in general
Rococo is now widely recognized as a major period in the development of European art. Rococo developed first in the decorative arts and interior design. Louis XV's succession brought a change in the court artists and general artistic fashion. By the end of the old king's reign
rich Baroque designs were giving way to lighter elements with more curves and natural patterns. These elements are evident in the architectural designs of Nicolas Pineau. During the Régence
court life moved away from Versailles and this artistic change became well established
first in the royal palace and then throughout French high society. The 1730s represented the height of Rococo development in France. The style had spread beyond architecture and furniture to painting and sculpture
exemplified by the works of Antoine Watteau and François Boucher. Rococo still maintained the Baroque taste for plex forms and intricate patterns. By this point
it had begun to integrate a variety of diverse characteristics
including a taste for Oriental designs and asymmetric positions. The Rococo style spread with French artists and engraved publications. It was readily received in the Catholic parts of Germany
Bohemia
and Austria
where it was merged with the lively German Baroque traditions. Particularly in the south
German Rococo was applied with enthusia *** to churches and palaces. Architects often draped their interiors in clouds of fluffy white stucco. In Italy
the late Baroque styles of Borromini and Guarini set the tone for Rococo in Turin
Venice
Naples and Sicily
while the arts in Tuscany and Rome remained more wedded to Baroque. The beginning of the end for Rococo came in the early 1760s as figures like Voltaire and Jacques-François Blondel began to voice their critici *** of the superficiality and degeneracy of the art. Blondel decried the "ridiculous jumble of shells
dragons
reeds
palm-trees and plants" in contemporary interiors[1]. By 1780
Rococo had passed out of fashion in France
replaced by the order and seriousness of Neoclassical artists like Jacques Louis David. It remained popular in the provinces and in Italy
until the second phase of neoclassici ***
"Empire style
" arrived with Napoleonic ernments and swept Rococo away. Though Rococo originated in the purely decorative arts
the style showed clearly in painting. These painters used delicate colors and curving forms
decorating their canvases with cherubs and myths of love. Portraiture was also popular among Rococo painters. en. *** /Rococo

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