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HistoryDated 1872, its subject is the harbour ofLe Havrein France, using very lo来自ose brush strokes that suggest rather than delineate it. Monet explained the title later:“Lan晶省延江京谈烈液dscape is nothing but an impression, and an instantaneous one, hence this label that was given us, by the way because of me. I had sent a thing done in Le Havr360问答e, from my window, sun in the mist and a few masts of boats sticking up in the foreground….They asked me for a title for the catalogue, it couldn’t really be 扩微据taken for a view of Le Havre, and I said: ‘PutImpression.'[1]”It was displayed in 1874 during the firs弱国免风够置t independent art show of the Impressionists (who were not yet known by that name). CriticLouis Leroy, inspired by the painting’s name, titled his hostile review of the show inLe Charivarinewspaper, “The Exhibit送药写行ion of the Impressionists”, thus inadvertently naming the new art mo看神富安也欢素有告vement. He wrote:“Impression — I was certain of it. I was just telling myself that, since I was impressed, there had to be some impression in it … and 督what freedom, what ease of workmanship! Wallpaper in its embryonic state is more finished than that seascape.”The painting was stolen from theMusée Marmottan Monetin 1985 b投贵秋胞发通害景y Philippe Ja里端良盟怕扩审班露min and Youssef Khimoun but recovered in 19学孔末水思独90. Since 1991 it has been back on display in 说区the museum.[ed常顶鲜it]Colour and lumi破李帝思位状总阻nanceDesaturated version of the painting: note how 厂也抓the sun is virtually invis于低ible here.[2]Although it seems that the sun is the br训零兵穿衡参放响上氧ightest spot on the canvas, it is in fact, when measured with a photometer, the same brightness (orluminance) as the sky.[2]D激r. Margaret Livingstone, a professor of neur命住河示冷频片那卫脱obiology at Harv盟完子事才ard University, said “If you make a black and white copy of Impression: Sunrise, the Sun disappears [almost] entirely.”[2]Livingstone said that this caused the painting to have a very realistic quality, as the older part—shared with the majority of other mammals—of the visual cortex in the brain registers only luminance and not colour, so that the sun in the painting would be invisible to it, while it is just the newer part of the visual cortex—only found in humans and primates—which perceives colour.[2]
世界十大名画之一：日出印象的作品赏析
《日出·印象》，是法国印象派画家莫奈于1872年在勒阿弗尔港口画的一幅写生画。其诞生时间已经被确定到一个精确的时候，由此可见印象主义绘画在世界美术史上的重要地位。下面，就让我们一起到 世界十大名画 中了解其作品赏析吧。 《日出·印象》描绘的是在晨雾笼罩中日出时港口景象。在由淡紫、微红、蓝灰和橙黄等色组成的色调中，一轮生机勃勃的红日拖着海水中一缕橙黄色的波光，冉冉升起。海水、天空、景物在轻松的笔调中，交错渗透，浑然一体。 近海中的三只小船，在薄雾中渐渐变得模糊不清，远处的建筑、港口、吊车、船舶、桅杆等也都在晨曦中朦胧隐现。这一切，是画家从一个窗口看出去画成的。如此大胆地用“零乱”的笔触来展示雾气交融的景象。这对于一贯正统的沙龙学院派艺术家来说乃是艺术的叛逆。 该画完全是一种瞬间的视觉感受和活泼生动的作画情绪使然，以往官方学院派艺术推崇的那种谨慎而明确的轮廓，呆板而僵化的色调荡然无存。这种具有叛逆性的绘画，引起了官方的反对。 这幅名画是莫奈于1872年在阿弗尔港口画的一幅写生画。他在同一地点还画了一张《日落》，在送往首届印象派画展时，两幅画都没有标题。一名新闻记者讽刺莫奈的画是“对美与真实的否定，只能给人一种印象”。莫奈于是就给这幅画起了个题目——《日出·印象》。 它作为一幅海景写生画，整个画面笼罩在稀薄的灰色调中，笔触画得非常随意、零乱，展示了一种雾气交融的景象。日出时，海上雾气迷朦，水中反射着天空和太阳的颜色。岸上景色隐隐约约，模模糊糊看不清，给人一种瞬间的感受。 他对光色的专注远远超越物体本身的形象，使得物体在画布上的表现消失在光色之中。他让世人重新体悟到光与自然的结构。所以这一视野的嬗变，以往甚至难以想象，它所散发出的光线、色彩、运动和充沛的活力，取代了以往绘画中僵死的构图和不敢有丝毫创新的传统主义。 “如果你弄个《日出·印象》的黑白版本（如图），会发现太阳基本消失了……没错，太阳本身没有光，只是凭色彩的映衬，才制造出这样的效果！” 当1874年莫奈和一群青年画家举办展览时，这幅《日出·印象》遭到了诽谤和奚落。 有的评论家挖苦说：“毛坯的糊墙纸也比这海景完整！”更有人按这幅画的标题，讽喻以莫奈为首的青年艺术家们为“印象派”，于是“印象主义”也就成了这个画派的桂冠。 该画1985年被抢劫，据法国被盗艺术品侦缉处1990年12月6日，在科西嘉岛一座别墅中查获。
