求一篇英文的文章，关于抽象画的意义、历
Abstract painting is the natural images and little or no similarities, and coming from a strong form of landscape painting班州大盟识. But in some people's view, the 杂兰abstract is a beautiful thing. In fact this view is one-sided and are not properly understood.
West讨础马调注伯精小ern abstrac沙顶解护打伤该鱼斯垂盐t art concept into 款封断纪则块述China, Chinese history did not appear in the written record "abstract" two words, an abstract two-word translation of Chinese characters from Japan in turn. In the history of Chinese writing, intentiona乐误法众今福l, image, image and meaning of hyper-realism a具更看nd abstraction is closest. Meaning can be interpre者随玉钱践银力协名挥线ted as the mood an送两d meaning, 钟ideas, intentions and so on, like "two-meter four images", "elephant invisible", image句集s are images, ima序利少校沙着感显观质gery, mental imagery and word改械热被问输联s like synthetic organic unity s抓免构块及助树沙金亮标ystems. Compare 音with abstract, "hyper-realism" term, beyond the image, the im明胶抗既达限审你察二弱age rather than t井供缩顺he image, may be more appropriate than abstract from "abstract". However, since 100 years into the Chinese culture and language "abstract" concepts of the term is well established, who have no need to change the established facts.
Abstract art is not a 20th century invention. Judaism and Islam is not allowed on human portrayal, but the result has developed a high standard of installation art. Is also a form of non-figurative art of calligraphy. When photography is not universal, Visual than some artists such as zhanmusi·maikeni·huisile have attached great importance to the item description. Whistler firmly believed that art with harmonious color coordination, as the music to sound harmonious coordination. Whistler's painting "Serenade-fall of black and gold rocket" (1874), marks an important step towards abstract art. Latest artists such as waxili·kangdingsiji argued that to deal with the dynamic forces of modern science, reveal things hidden in the words of the final spirit. Art should be displayed after Visual World spiritual force. In 1911, Kandinsky, Malevich, Kasimir, gongchaluowa, laliounuofu work is considered to be the first completely abstract painting.Constructivism (1915) is the abstraction of sculpting and building operations. Which activists believe that the artist's work is revolutionary activities, using machines and charts and photographic means of communication to express the aspirations of the people. United States is pure abstraction and abstract expressionism included: Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko and Robert · Motherwell. Realism and art (1962) and minimalism (1965) into a modern idiom. Abstract artist's works appear to be separate entity rather than part of the campaign. Sean · Scully, Johns · McLaughlin, Callum Innes, luobote·chunran and Yuko Shiraishi is a contemporary abstract painter. 全文意思：抽象画就是与自然物象极少或完全没有相近之处，而又具强烈的形式构成面貌的绘画。 但在一些人看来，抽象是一种不美观的事物。其实这种观点很片面，是不正确的理解。
在西方的架上抽象艺术概念传进中国之前，中国历史的文字记载中一直没有出现过“抽象”两个字，抽象两个字的汉字翻译是从日本转过来的。在中国文字历史上，有意、象、意象和超象的词义和抽象最接近。意可以解释为意境、意思、意念、意想等，象是“两仪生四象”、“大象无形“的象，意象是物象、表象、心象和语象合成的有机统一系统。和抽象相比，“超象”一词，超越物象、形象而非具象，可能比抽象更加贴切于“抽象”。但是，100年以来，进入中国文化语系的“抽象”一词的概念早已确立，后来者已经没有必要来改变这样一个既定事实。
抽象艺术不是20世纪才发明的。犹太教和伊斯兰教未允许对人的描绘，但结果开发了高标 准的装艺术。书法也是非比喻的艺术形式。在摄影未普及的时候，有些艺术家譬如詹姆斯·麦克尼·惠斯勒已经很重视视觉多于对物件的描绘。惠斯勒坚信艺术要跟颜色和谐协调，正如音乐要跟声音和谐协调。惠斯勒的画“黑与金的小夜曲－下跌的火箭”(1874)标志著迈向抽象艺术的重要一步。最新艺术家譬如瓦西里·康丁斯基争辩说现代科学应付了动态力量，显露事情藏在字内的最后精神。艺术应该在视觉世界之后显示精神力量。1911年，康丁斯基、马勒维奇、宫察洛娃、拉里欧诺夫的作品被认为是第一批完全的抽象画。 构成主义(1915)是把立体雕塑和建筑抽象化的行动。构成主义者相信艺术家的工作是革命活动，使用机器生产和图表和摄影通信方式表达人民的志向。一些美国抽象表现主义是纯净地抽象的和包括: 巴尼特·纽曼，马克·罗斯科和罗伯特·马瑟韦尔。欧普艺术(1962)及简约主义(1965)成了现代的成语。抽象艺术家的作品看似单独个体而不是运动的一部分。Sean・Scully、约翰・McLaughlin、Callum Innes、罗伯特·纯然和Yuko Shiraishi是当代的抽象画家。
马克罗斯科是哪国人?
美国抽象派画家马克·罗斯科（Mark Rothko，1903—1970）生于俄国（犹太人），十岁时随父亲及全家移民美国，移民到美国半年后父亲死去，由母亲带大，一生坎坷。马克·罗斯科奉行节约，蔑视浪费和奢靡。他是少数的敢于藐视权贵的艺术家，在金钱面前则辩察任然坚持自己的信念，灶饥在内心纠结多年后自杀。当代最伟大的美国艺术家，他的作品粉碎了人们对美国文化只有肤浅的观点。和安迪·沃霍尔孙茄属于同一时代。
